Wednesday, May 27, 2020

Let this sink in for a moment: before the San Remo conference of April 1920 there did not exist a single Arab independent nation state. Not one.


Let this sink in for a moment: before the San Remo conference of April 1920 there did not exist a single Arab independent nation state. Not one. 


All 22 Arab states that exist today (as part of the Arab League) became nation states either as a direct result of the 1920 San Remo conference, or much later. Therefore, the legitimacy of Israel as a Jewish state is exactly equal or greater to the legitimacy of any of the Arab nation states.
Indeed, World-War I is considered the dawn of most modern nation-states. Four massive empires crumbled in its aftermath and were divided up into nation-states: The German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman empires. At that time, nations that had aspirations for self-determination stepped forward and presented their claims for independence to the League of Nations (the precursor to the United Nations). The Arabs stepped up as one single unified nation, and the Jews stepped up as another.
As you can see from eyewitness reports in the video above, the Arabs of Palestine viewed themselves as Syrian and as pan-Arabs. They had no aspirations for independence. Only later, once they secured all the rest of their Arab lands, did the Arabs change their story and put the Land of Israel under the microscope, redefining the conflict as Jews against Arab Palestinians within that small territory, rather than what it originally was: returning a small patch of Ottoman empire land to its rightful owners, the Jewish people, about 120,000 sq. km., while dividing 99% of the land among the Arabs, which is about 13 million sq. km. with a wealth of oil reserves. Furthermore, the Arabs received against Jewish protest over 77% of the Jewish and which became Jordan and now what is left west of the Jordan River, the Arabs what to take another part of Jewish Land. Enough is enough of taking Jewish Land. It time for us to stand firm and retain all our territory West of the Jordan River as the sovereign territory of Israel.
The results of the Paris (1918) and San Remo (1920) conferences and of the League of Nations was the Mandate for Palestine, granted to the British government as trustee for the Jewish people for the sole purpose of establishing a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel:
“Whereas recognition has been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country.”
There are two key legal points in the above statement (as pointed out by Dore Gold in the video at the end of the blog) which establish the Jewish people as the indigenous people of Palestine, and shatter the “Zionists are Colonialists” fallacy.
1. It recognizes that the “historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine” is a pre-existing right (“grounds for“), not a newly-granted right.
2. It calls for “reconstituting” their national home, not building a new national home from scratch.
In 2003, Attorney Howard Grief brought the minutes of the San Remo Conference and the text of the San Remo Resolution out of the dusty British Archives. Grief addresses the 99th Anniversary commemoration of the San Remo Conference of April 1920 about the importance the Conference and Resolution as the legal foundation of the modern State of Israel under International Law.
The Mandate as issued in San Remo in April 1920 included both sides of the Jordan river for the Jewish home.
It was unanimously adopted by the League of Nations (thereby ratifying the Balfour Declaration as much more than a British document).
In 1922, with no international debate or resolution, Britain unilaterally exercised Article 25 of the Mandate (which is in violation of previous Treaties), cut off the east bank of Palestine - Israel and named it Trans-Jordan. This was not based an any explicit League of Nations decision or any explicit mandate to create an Arab state in Jordan.
Trans-Jordan, more than 3 times the size of Israel, was handed over by Britain to about 300,000 Hashemite nomadic beduins, who originated in Saudi Arabia, in gratitude for their help against the Ottomans (The Arab Revolt as romanticized in the film Lawrence of Arabia).
Furthermore, Britain did not allow any Jews to settle or buy lands in Trans-Jordan, but allowed Arabs to continue and increase the rate of settling in PalestineIsrael west of the Jordan River. Thus, Jordan became the only country in the history of the world that was judenrein by design, and Palestine - Israel (from the Jordan to the Sea) became the only area in dispute between Jews and Arabs. Here is the text of Article 25, and you can see that there was no intention there to create a permanent Arab state in Jordan:
“In the territories lying between the Jordan river and the eastern boundary of Palestine as ultimately determined, the Mandatory shall be entitled, with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold application of such provisions of this mandate as he may consider inapplicable to the existing local conditions, and to make such provision for the administration of the territories as he may consider suitable to those conditions”

On June 30, 1922, The US senate adopted Lodge-Fish Resolution [Joint Congressional Resolution (360)]: using stronger language than the Balfour declaration favoring the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people:
“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the United States of America favors the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which should prejudice the civil and religious rights of Christian and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine, and that the holy places and religious buildings and sites in Palestine shall be adequately protected.” .
On September 21, 1922, President Warren G. Harding signed the joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish National Home in Palestine. For more details, please see this link.
The formal recognition of Israel as the Jewish national home became binding international law not in 1947 or 1948, but in April 1920, when the resolutions of the San Remo conference were included as part of the Treaty of Sèvres Article 95 (August 1920), and were adopted and signed unanimously by all 51 countries of the League Of Nations:
ARTICLE 95.
The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers. The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British Government, and adopted by all the other Allied Powers, in favour of the re-establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.
Here is one more video that explains in more detail why the San Remo resolution of 1920 is even more important than the UN partition plan of 1947 (which was only a recommendation with no legal standing): The UN Resolution cannot supersede international Agreements and Treaties.

Monday, May 25, 2020

The “Mandate for Palestine” was not a naïve vision briefly embraced by the international community. Fifty-one member countries – the entire League of Nations – unanimously declared on July 24, 1922:


The “Mandate for Palestine” was not a naïve vision briefly embraced by the international community. Fifty-one member countries – the entire League of Nations – unanimously declared on July 24, 1922:



Have you ever asked yourself why during the period between 1917 and 1947 hundreds of thousands of Jews throughout the world woke up one morning and decided to leave their homes and go to Palestine? The majority did this because they heard that a future National Home for the Jewish people was being established in Palestine aka The Land of Israel, on the basis of the League of Nations’ obligation under the “Mandate for Palestine.” This historical document mandated at the San Remo Conference in April 1923 laid down the Jewish legal right to settle anywhere in western Palestine, the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, an entitlement unaltered in international law.
The “Mandate for Palestine” was not a naïve vision briefly embraced by the international community. Fifty-one member countries – the entire League of Nations – unanimously declared on July 24, 1922:
“Whereas recognition has been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country.”
American Support for a Jewish National Home:
On June 30, 1922, a joint resolution (the Lodge Fish Resolution) of both Houses of Congress of the United States and signed by the president unanimously endorsed the “establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people,” confirming the irrevocable right of Jews to settle in the area of Palestine – anywhere between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea:
“Favoring the re-establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.
“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the United States of America favors the re-establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which should prejudice the civil and religious rights of Christian and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine, and that the holy places and religious buildings and sites in Palestine shall be adequately protected.” [italics in the original]
On September 21, 1922, President Warren G. Harding signed the Lodge-Fish Resolution, endorsing the Balfour Declaration and the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
The U.S. Government (not a member of the League of Nations) maintained that her participation in WWI and her contribution to the defeat of Germany and the defeat of her Allies, entitled the United States to be consulted as to the terms of the “Mandate for Palestine.”
The outcome of this request was a “Convention [Treaty] between the United States of America and the United Kingdom with respect to the rights of the two governments and their nationals in Palestine,” a relationship governed by international law. The Convention contains the entire text of the “Mandate for Palestine” including the preamble and was concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries in London on December 3, 1924; Ratification advised by the Senate, February 20, 1925; Ratified by President Calvin Coolidge, March 2, 1925; Ratified by Great Britain, March 18, 1925; Ratifications exchanged at London, December 3, 1925; Proclaimed, December 5, 1925.
In ratifying the Convention, the United States of America formally recognized the terms of the “Mandate for Palestine” and the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country with exclusive political rights.
Any attempt to negate the Jewish people’s right to Palestine – The Land of Israel - Eretz-Israel – and to deny them access and control in the area designated for the Jewish people by the League of Nations is an actionable infringement of both international law and the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, paragraph 2 of the United States Constitution), which dictates that Treaties “shall be the supreme Law of the Land”.
We collectively and individually must do all we can to support the Jewish people and the state of Israel. There is no more crucial time than today, and I believe that this body has the capacity to help defeat the “Occupation” mantra by insisting that the land of Israel has been given to the Jewish people as of right, and in accordance with existing international law.


The “Mandate for Palestine,” an historical League of Nations document, laid down the Jewish legal right to settle anywhere in western Palestine, the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, an entitlement unaltered in international law and protected to this day by Article 80 of the UN Charter, that laid down the Jewish right of settlement in the whole of western Palestine, recognizes the continued validity of the rights granted to all states or people, or already existing international instruments including those adopted by the League of Nations [such as the “Mandate for Palestine”]. The Mandate unconditionally rejects Arab claims to national political rights in the land, in favor of the Jews self-determination and political development, in recognition of the historic connection of the Jewish people to the land of Israel.

Judea and Samaria is Israel by YJ Draiman


Judea and Samaria is Israel.


It is Jewish land since the days of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
They, the Arab-Palestinians have the right to return to the Arab countries where they originally came from. (Face it it is the Arabs who illegally occupy Jewish land). The Arab countries forcefully expelled over a million Jewish families (after living in those countries for over 2,800 years and confiscated all their assets valued in the trillions of dollars) who now resettled in Israel and turned the desert into green pastures. The Arabs received after WWI over 6 million sq. miles of territory with a wealth of oil reserves, those territories are 70% vacant. The Jewish people were allocated their historical land which is all of Palestine aka The Land of Israel about 47,000 sq. miles. The Arabs in Jordan are occupying Jewish land; they expelled all the Jews and confiscated all their assets and not permitting Jewish people to live in Jordan.
YJ Draiman

Reminder ...There is NO such thing as any 'illegal Jewish settlements' located anywhere, in the Judea and Samaria area. Still-valid established International laws in the early 1920's at San Remo in April, confirms that at the Treaty of Sevres Article 95 August 1920. The 'League of Nations Mandate' (was suppose to enforce established international law) ratified on July 24th, 1922 by the Council of the League of Nations, entrusted Britain as trustee for the Jewish people to assist in re-establishing a Jewish State in the ENTIRE area west of the Jordan river ('Judea'). Article 6 of that Mandate ENCOURAGES, Mandates and ALLOWS and promotes 'Jewish settlement' all throughout the Judea and Samaria area. That Mandate was specifically dedicated only to 'Jewish National Rights' and exclusive political rights in all of the land between the Jordan River and Mediterranean sea. That's a well-documented FACT, of 20th century 'established international law'.

THE FIRST PARTITION OF PALESTINE/The Land of Israel 1920

At the time of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference there was no haggling over the size of the Jewish territory. The American Commission took it for granted that "the new State would control its own source of water power and irrigation, from Mount Hermon in the east to the Jordan." 8 As conceived at the time by the Plenipotentiaries, Palestine aka The Land of Israel was to comprise a minimum of some sixty thousand square miles, bounded on the north by Syria, on the southwest by Egypt, on the east by Iraq and Saudi and on the southwest by Egypt, on the east by Iraq and Saudi and on the south by Saudi and the Hejaz. The English viewpoint, embodied in British Peace Handbook No. 60 on Syria and Palestine, even contended that Damascus itself could very well be included, asserting that the whole "portion of the center of Syria that lies to the east of Jebel esh-Sharki may easily be separated from northern Syria and associated with Palestine." To the east it was understood that the Zionists could have any part of the great desert they wanted; and that the southern boundary was to be established at the historic line, the "River of Egypt." 9


Let this sink in for a moment: before the San Remo conference of April 1920 there did not exist a single Arab independent nation state. Not one. All 22 Arab states that exist today (as part of the Arab League) became nation states either as a direct result of the 1920 San Remo conference, or much later. Therefore, the legitimacy of Israel as a Jewish state is exactly equal or greater to the legitimacy of any of the Arab nation states.
Indeed, World-War I is considered the dawn of most modern nation-states. Four massive empires crumbled in its aftermath and were divided up into nation-states: The German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman empires. At that time, nations that had aspirations for self-determination stepped forward and presented their claims for independence to the League of Nations (the precursor to the United Nations). The Arabs stepped up as one single unified nation, and the Jews stepped up as another.
As you can see from eyewitness reports in the video above, the Arabs of Palestine viewed themselves as Syrian and as pan-Arabs. They had no aspirations for independence. Only later, once they secured all the rest of their Arab lands, did the Arabs change their story and put the Land of Israel under the microscope, redefining the conflict as Jews against Arab Palestinians within that small territory, rather than what it originally was: returning a small patch of Ottoman empire land to its rightful owners, the Jewish people, about 120,000 sq. km., while dividing 99% of the land among the Arabs, which is about 13 million sq. km. with a wealth of oil reserves. Furthermore, the Arabs received against Jewish protest over 77% of the Jewish and which became Jordan and now what is left west of the Jordan River, the Arabs what to take another part of Jewish Land. Enough is enough of taking Jewish Land. It time for us to stand firm and retain all our territory West of the Jordan River as the sovereign territory of Israel.
The results of the Paris (1918) and San Remo (1920) conferences and of the League of Nations was the Mandate for Palestine, granted to the British government as trustee for the Jewish people for the sole purpose of establishing a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel:
“Whereas recognition has been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country.”
There are two key legal points in the above statement (as pointed out by Dore Gold in the video at the end of the blog) which establish the Jewish people as the indigenous people of Palestine, and shatter the “Zionists are Colonialists” fallacy.
1. It recognizes that the “historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine” is a pre-existing right (“grounds for“), not a newly-granted right.
2. It calls for “reconstituting” their national home, not building a new national home from scratch.
In 2003, Attorney Howard Grief brought the minutes of the San Remo Conference and the text of the San Remo Resolution out of the dusty British Archives. Grief addresses the 99th Anniversary commemoration of the San Remo Conference of April 1920 about the importance the Conference and Resolution as the legal foundation of the modern State of Israel under International Law.
The Mandate as issued in San Remo in April 1920 included both sides of the Jordan river for the Jewish home.
It was unanimously adopted by the League of Nations (thereby ratifying the Balfour Declaration as much more than a British document).
In 1922, with no international debate or resolution, Britain unilaterally exercised Article 25 of the Mandate (which is in violation of previous Treaties), cut off the east bank of Palestine - Israel and named it Trans-Jordan. This was not based an any explicit League of Nations decision or any explicit mandate to create an Arab state in Jordan.
Trans-Jordan, more than 3 times the size of Israel, was handed over by Britain to about 300,000 Hashemite nomadic beduins, who originated in Saudi Arabia, in gratitude for their help against the Ottomans (The Arab Revolt as romanticized in the film Lawrence of Arabia).
Furthermore, Britain did not allow any Jews to settle or buy lands in Trans-Jordan, but allowed Arabs to continue and increase the rate of settling in PalestineIsrael west of the Jordan River. Thus, Jordan became the only country in the history of the world that was judenrein by design, and Palestine - Israel (from the Jordan to the Sea) became the only area in dispute between Jews and Arabs. Here is the text of Article 25, and you can see that there was no intention there to create a permanent Arab state in Jordan:
“In the territories lying between the Jordan river and the eastern boundary of Palestine as ultimately determined, the Mandatory shall be entitled, with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold application of such provisions of this mandate as he may consider inapplicable to the existing local conditions, and to make such provision for the administration of the territories as he may consider suitable to those conditions”

On June 30, 1922, The US senate adopted Lodge-Fish Resolution [Joint Congressional Resolution (360)]: using stronger language than the Balfour declaration favoring the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people:
“Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the United States of America favors the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which should prejudice the civil and religious rights of Christian and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine, and that the holy places and religious buildings and sites in Palestine shall be adequately protected.” .
On September 21, 1922, President Warren G. Harding signed the joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish National Home in Palestine. For more details, please see this link.
The formal recognition of Israel as the Jewish national home became binding international law not in 1947 or 1948, but in April 1920, when the resolutions of the San Remo conference were included as part of the Treaty of Sèvres Article 95 (August 1920), and were adopted and signed unanimously by all 51 countries of the League Of Nations:
ARTICLE 95.
The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers. The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British Government, and adopted by all the other Allied Powers, in favour of the re-establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.

Here is one more video that explains in more detail why the San Remo resolution of 1920 is even more important than the UN partition plan of 1947 (which was only a recommendation with no legal standing): The UN Resolution cannot supersede international Agreements and Treaties.

Treaty of Sevres Article 95 - the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people - August 1920


Treaty of Sevres Article 95 - the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people - August 1920


SECTION VII.
SYRIA, MESOPOTAMIA, PALESTINE - ISRAEL.

ARTICLE 94.
The High Contracting Parties agree that Syria and Mesopotamia shall, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 22.
Part I (Covenant of the League of Nations), be provisionally recognised as independent States subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone.
ARTICLE 95.
The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers. The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British Government, and adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.
The Mandatory undertakes to appoint as soon as possible a special Commission to study and regulate all questions and claims relating to the different religious communities. In the composition of this Commission the religious interests concerned will be taken into account. The Chairman of the Commission will be appointed by the Council of the League of Nations.
ARTICLE 96.
The terms of the mandates in respect of the above territories will be formulated by the Principal Allied Powers and submitted to the Council of the League of Nations for approval.
ARTICLE 97.
Turkey hereby undertakes, in accordance with the provisions of Article 132, to accept any decisions which may be taken in relation to the questions dealt with in this Section.
SECTION VIII.
HEDJAZ.

ARTICLE 98.
Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the Allied Powers, hereby recognises the Hedjaz as a free and independent State, and renounces in favour of the Hedjaz all rights and titles over the territories of the former Turkish Empire situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the present Treaty, and comprised within the boundaries which may ultimately be fixed.
ARTICLE 99.
In view of the sacred character attributed by Muslims of all countries to the cities and the Holy Places of Mecca and Medina His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes to assure free and easy access thereto to Muslims of every country who desire to go there on pilgrimage or for any other religious object, and to respect and ensure respect for the pious foundations which are or may be established there by Muslims of any countries in accordance with the precepts of the law of the Koran.
ARTICLE 100.
His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes that in commercial matters the most complete equality of treatment shall be assured in the territory of the Hedjaz to the persons, ships and goods of nationals of any of the Allied Powers, or of any of the new States set up in the territories of the former Turkish Empire, as well as to the persons, ships and goods of nationals of States, Members of the League of Nations.
SECTION IX.
EGYPT, SOUDAN, CYPRUS.
1. EGYPT.

ARTICLE 101.
Turkey renounces all rights and title in or over Egypt. This renunciation shall take effect as from November 5, 1914. Turkey declares that in conformity with the action taken by the Allied Powers she recognises the Protectorate proclaimed over Egypt by Great Britain on December 18, 1914.
ARTICLE 102.
Turkish subjects habitually resident in Egypt on December 18, 1914, will acquire Egyptian nationality ipso facto and will lose their Turkish nationality, except that if at that date such persons were temporarily absent from, and have not since returned to, Egypt they will not acquire Egyptian nationality without a special authorisation from the Egyptian Government.
ARTICLE 103.
Turkish subjects who became resident in Egypt after December 18, 1914, and are habitually resident there at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty may, subject to the conditions prescribed in Article 105 for the right of option, claim Egyptian nationality, but such claim may in individual cases be refused by the competent Egyptian authority.
ARTICLE 104.
For all purposes connected with the present Treaty, Egypt and Egyptian nationals, their goods and vessels, shall be treated on the same footing, as from August I, 1914, as the Allied Powers, their nationals, goods and vessels, and provisions in respect of territory under Turkish sovereignty, or of territory detached from Turkey in accordance with the present Treaty, shall not apply to Egypt.
ARTICLE 105.
Within a period of one year after the coming into force of the present Treaty persons over eighteen years of age acquiring Egyptian nationality under the provisions ofArticle 102 will be entitled to opt for Turkish nationality. In case such persons, or those who under Article 103 are entitled to claim Egyptian nationality, differ in race from the majority of the population of Egypt, they will within the same period be entitled to opt for the nationality of any State in favour of which territory is detached from Turkey, if the majority of the population of that State is of the same race as the person exercising the right to opt.
Option by a husband covers a wife and option by parents covers their children under eighteen years of age.
Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must, except where authorised to continue to reside in Egypt, transfer within the ensuing twelve months their place of residence to the State for which they have opted. They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in Egypt, and may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties or charges may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.
ARTICLE 106.
The Egyptian Government shall have complete liberty of action in regulating the status of Turkish subjects in Egypt and the conditions under which they may establish themselves in the territory.
ARTICLE 107.
Egyptian nationals shall be entitled, when abroad, to British diplomatic and consular protection.
ARTICLE 108.
Egyptian goods entering Turkey shall enjoy the treatment accorded to British goods.
ARTICLE 109.
Turkey renounces in favour of Great Britain the powers conferred upon His Imperial Majesty the Sultan by the Convention signed at Constantinople on October 29, 1888, relating to the free navigation of the Suez Canal.
ARTICLE 110.
All property and possessions in Egypt belonging to the Turkish Government pass to the Egyptian Government without payment.
ARTICLE 111 .
All movable and immovable property in Egypt belonging to Turkish nationals (who do not acquire Egyptian nationality) shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Part IX (Economie Clauses) of the present Treaty.
ARTICLE 112.
Turkey renounces all claim to the tribute formerly paid by Egypt.
Great Britain undertakes to relieve Turkey of all liability in respect of the Turkish loans secured on the Egyptian tribute.
These loans are:
The guaranteed loan of 1855;
The loan of 1894 representing the converted loans of 1854 and 1871;
The loan of 1891 representing the converted loan of 1877.
The sums which the Khedives of Egypt have from time to time undertaken to pay over to the houses by which these loans were issued will be applied as heretofore to the interest and the sinking funds of the loans of 1894 and 1891 until the final extinction of those loans. The Government of Egypt will also continue to apply the sum hitherto paid towards the interest on the guaranteed loan of 1855.
Upon the extinction of these loans of 1894, 1891 and 1855, all liability on the part of the Egyptian Government arising out of the tribute formerly paid by Egypt to Turkey will cease.